Hey, Class 10 students! Welcome to your ultimate guide for Chapter 7: Control and Coordination from the NCERT Science book. This chapter is all about how your body and plants stay in control—like how you react to a hot pan or how a plant bends toward sunlight. It’s a key topic for your exams and super interesting! We’ll answer the main questions in a clear, easy way so you can ace your studies. Let’s dive into the world of control and coordination!
What Is Control and Coordination?
Living things need to respond to their surroundings to survive. Control and Coordination is how organisms manage this—using nerves and hormones in animals, and chemicals in plants. It’s like your body’s command center! Let’s break it down with questions.
Key Questions and Answers from Chapter 7
Here are the most important questions from Control and Coordination with simple, student-friendly answers:
Q1: What is the need for control and coordination in organisms?
Answer:
Organisms need control and coordination to:
- Respond to changes (e.g., pulling your hand from fire).
- Keep body functions in sync (e.g., heart beating).
- Survive and grow (e.g., plants reaching for light).
Example: You blink when dust flies at you—coordination at work!
Q2: What is the nervous system? What are its main parts?
Answer:
The nervous system is the body’s communication network. Main parts:
- Brain: The boss—controls everything.
- Spinal Cord: Sends signals between brain and body.
- Nerves: Carry messages (like wires).
Fun Fact: It’s super fast—signals zoom at 120 m/s!
Q3: What is a neuron? How does it work?
Answer:
A neuron is a nerve cell that carries messages. Parts:
- Dendrites: Pick up signals.
- Cell Body: Processes them.
- Axon: Sends signals out.
How It Works: A stimulus (e.g., touch) triggers an electrical impulse, passed via chemicals (neurotransmitters) at synapses.
Think: Neuron = a tiny messenger!
Q4: What is a reflex action? Give an example.
Answer:
A reflex action is a quick, automatic response to a stimulus, skipping the brain.
Example: Pulling your hand from a hot stove.
- Path: Stimulus → Sensory neuron → Spinal cord → Motor neuron → Muscle.
Why?: Saves time to protect you!
Q5: How does the brain control the body?
Answer:
The brain has three key areas:
- Forebrain: Thinking, memory, senses (cerebrum rules here).
- Midbrain: Links forebrain and hindbrain, controls some reflexes.
- Hindbrain: Balance (cerebellum), breathing (medulla).
Example: Cerebrum decides to kick a ball; cerebellum keeps you steady.
Q6: What is the role of the spinal cord?
Answer:
The spinal cord:
- Carries signals between brain and body.
- Handles reflex actions (e.g., knee jerk).
Fact: It’s like a highway for nerve signals, protected by your backbone!
Q7: What are hormones? How are they different from nerves?
Answer:
- Hormones: Chemicals made by glands, travel through blood, act slower but longer.
- Nerves: Electrical signals, super fast but short-lived.
Example: Adrenaline (hormone) pumps you up for a race; nerves make you jump at a loud noise.
Teamwork: Both control the body together!
Q8: What is the endocrine system? Name some glands and their hormones.
Answer:
The endocrine system uses glands to release hormones. Examples:
- Pituitary: Growth hormone (makes you taller).
- Thyroid: Thyroxine (controls metabolism).
- Adrenal: Adrenaline (fight or flight).
- Pancreas: Insulin (controls sugar).
Cool Part: It’s like a chemical remote control!
Q9: How does adrenaline prepare us for emergencies?
Answer:
Adrenaline (from adrenal glands):
- Speeds up heart rate (more blood to muscles).
- Increases breathing (more oxygen).
- Boosts energy (glucose release).
Example: You run faster when scared—thank adrenaline!
Q10: How do plants coordinate without a nervous system?
Answer:
Plants use hormones, not nerves:
- Auxin: Helps growth toward light (phototropism).
- Gibberellin: Boosts stem growth.
- Cytokinin: Promotes cell division.
- Abscisic Acid: Slows growth in stress (e.g., drought).
Example: Sunflowers turn to the sun—auxin at work!
Q11: What is tropism? Name its types.
Answer:
Tropism is plant movement due to stimuli. Types:
- Phototropism: Toward light (shoots grow up).
- Geotropism: With gravity (roots grow down).
- Hydrotropism: Toward water (roots seek it).
- Thigmotropism: Touch (vines climb).
Fact: No brain, but plants are smart movers!
Q12: How does a nerve impulse travel?
Answer:
- Stimulus (e.g., heat) triggers an electrical impulse in a neuron.
- Impulse moves along the axon.
- At the synapse (gap), chemicals (neurotransmitters) pass it to the next neuron or muscle.
Speed: Like lightning in your body!
Q13: What happens if the spinal cord is damaged?
Answer:
- Signals can’t reach below the injury.
- Result: Paralysis or loss of reflexes in that area.
Example: Can’t move legs if lower spinal cord is hurt.
Q14: How do insulin and glucagon work together?
Answer:
- Insulin: Lowers blood sugar (stores glucose).
- Glucagon: Raises blood sugar (releases glucose).
- Both from pancreas, balancing sugar levels.
Think: Like a seesaw for sugar control!
Q15: Why is feedback important in coordination?
Answer:
Feedback keeps things balanced.
Example: Low sugar → Pancreas releases glucagon → Sugar rises → Pancreas stops.
Why?: Prevents over- or under-doing it!
Extra Questions from NCERT Exercises
- Why do we associate movement with life?
Answer: Movement (e.g., breathing, growing) shows an organism is active and alive. - What’s the role of iodine in the body?
Answer: Iodine helps thyroid make thyroxine for metabolism—low iodine = slow growth. - How do tendrils climb?
Answer: Thigmotropism—touch makes them coil around supports.
Tips to Master Chapter 7
- Learn Diagrams: Draw neuron, brain, reflex arc—label them!
- Memorize Hormones: List glands and what they do.
- Understand Reflexes: Practice the reflex path.
- Relate to You: Feel your pulse—that’s coordination!
- Practice Questions: Test yourself daily.
Chapter 7: Control and Coordination is like learning how your body’s remote control works—nerves and hormones team up to keep you going! With these questions and answers, you’re all set to shine in your Class 10 Science exams. Keep practicing, stay curious, and you’ll nail it! Got doubts? Drop them below—I’m here to help. Happy studying, coordination champs!
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